Week 6: Parameters, Launch Systems, and Configuration

📚 Learning Objectives

By the end of this week, you will master:

Parameter server configuration for intelligent robot behavior
Dynamic reconfiguration at runtime without restarting nodes
Python launch files for complex multi-node systems
Multi-node orchestration and coordination
RQT tools for parameter visualization and management

⚙️ 1. Parameter Server for Intelligent Robot Configuration

What are ROS2 Parameters?

Parameters are configuration values that can be set for ROS2 nodes without recompiling code. They enable dynamic behavior modification and are essential for creating flexible, configurable robotic systems.

💡 Key Concept: Parameters allow you to tune robot behavior (speed, thresholds, gains) without changing source code.

Parameter Types in ROS2

Type	Description	Example
`bool`	Boolean values	enable_safety: true
`int`	Integer numbers	detection_threshold: 100
`double`	Floating-point numbers	max_speed: 2.5
`string`	Text values	robot_name: "MyRobot"
`array`	Lists of values	waypoints: [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]

Step-by-Step: Building Your First Parameterized Node

🎯 Learning Path: We'll build a robot node in 4 progressive steps:

Step 1: Simple node with one parameter
Step 2: Add multiple parameters
Step 3: Add parameter validation
Step 4: Add runtime reconfiguration

📝 Step 1: Your First Parameter

Let's start with the simplest possible parameterized node - a robot that can change its speed.

📄 simple_robot_step1.py

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node

class SimpleRobot(Node):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('simple_robot')

        # Step 1: Declare a single parameter with a default value
        self.declare_parameter('speed', 1.0)

        # Get the parameter value
        self.speed = self.get_parameter('speed').value

        # Print it to verify
        self.get_logger().info(f'Robot initialized with speed: {self.speed} m/s')

        # Create a timer to demonstrate using the parameter
        self.create_timer(2.0, self.timer_callback)

    def timer_callback(self):
        self.get_logger().info(f'Moving at {self.speed} m/s')

def main(args=None):
    rclpy.init(args=args)
    robot = SimpleRobot()
    rclpy.spin(robot)
    robot.destroy_node()
    rclpy.shutdown()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

🧪 Test Step 1

Run with default value:

ros2 run my_package simple_robot_step1

Expected output:

[INFO] [simple_robot]: Robot initialized with speed: 1.0 m/s
[INFO] [simple_robot]: Moving at 1.0 m/s
[INFO] [simple_robot]: Moving at 1.0 m/s

Run with custom value:

ros2 run my_package simple_robot_step1 --ros-args -p speed:=2.5

Expected output:

[INFO] [simple_robot]: Robot initialized with speed: 2.5 m/s
[INFO] [simple_robot]: Moving at 2.5 m/s

📝 Step 2: Multiple Parameters with Descriptions

Now let's add more parameters and make them self-documenting.

📄 simple_robot_step2.py

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node
from rcl_interfaces.msg import ParameterDescriptor

class SimpleRobot(Node):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('simple_robot')

        # Step 2: Declare multiple parameters with descriptions
        self.declare_parameter(
            'speed',
            1.0,
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Robot maximum speed in m/s')
        )

        self.declare_parameter(
            'robot_name',
            'MyRobot',
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Name identifier for this robot')
        )

        self.declare_parameter(
            'enable_safety',
            True,
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Enable safety features')
        )

        # Get all parameter values
        self.speed = self.get_parameter('speed').value
        self.robot_name = self.get_parameter('robot_name').value
        self.enable_safety = self.get_parameter('enable_safety').value

        # Print configuration
        self.get_logger().info(f'=== {self.robot_name} Configuration ===')
        self.get_logger().info(f'Speed: {self.speed} m/s')
        self.get_logger().info(f'Safety: {"ENABLED" if self.enable_safety else "DISABLED"}')

        self.create_timer(2.0, self.timer_callback)

    def timer_callback(self):
        status = "SAFE" if self.enable_safety else "UNSAFE"
        self.get_logger().info(f'[{self.robot_name}] Moving at {self.speed} m/s - {status} mode')

def main(args=None):
    rclpy.init(args=args)
    robot = SimpleRobot()
    rclpy.spin(robot)
    robot.destroy_node()
    rclpy.shutdown()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

🧪 Test Step 2

Run with multiple parameters:

ros2 run my_package simple_robot_step2 --ros-args \
  -p speed:=3.0 \
  -p robot_name:="Explorer" \
  -p enable_safety:=false

Check parameter descriptions:

ros2 param describe /simple_robot speed

Expected output:

Parameter name: speed
  Type: double
  Description: Robot maximum speed in m/s
  Constraints:

📝 Step 3: Add Parameter Validation

Let's add validation to prevent invalid values that could damage the robot.

📄 simple_robot_step3.py

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node
from rcl_interfaces.msg import ParameterDescriptor, SetParametersResult

class SimpleRobot(Node):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('simple_robot')

        # Declare parameters
        self.declare_parameter('speed', 1.0,
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Robot speed (0.1-5.0 m/s)'))
        self.declare_parameter('robot_name', 'MyRobot')
        self.declare_parameter('enable_safety', True)

        # Get initial values
        self.speed = self.get_parameter('speed').value
        self.robot_name = self.get_parameter('robot_name').value
        self.enable_safety = self.get_parameter('enable_safety').value

        # Step 3: Add parameter callback for validation
        self.add_on_set_parameters_callback(self.parameter_callback)

        self.get_logger().info(f'Robot {self.robot_name} ready!')
        self.create_timer(2.0, self.timer_callback)

    def parameter_callback(self, params):
        """Validate parameter changes"""
        result = SetParametersResult()
        result.successful = True

        for param in params:
            if param.name == 'speed':
                # Validate speed is in safe range
                if param.value < 0.1 or param.value > 5.0:
                    result.successful = False
                    result.reason = f'Speed must be between 0.1 and 5.0, got {param.value}'
                    self.get_logger().error(result.reason)
                else:
                    self.speed = param.value
                    self.get_logger().info(f'✓ Speed updated to {self.speed} m/s')

            elif param.name == 'robot_name':
                # Validate name is not empty
                if len(param.value) == 0:
                    result.successful = False
                    result.reason = 'Robot name cannot be empty'
                    self.get_logger().error(result.reason)
                else:
                    self.robot_name = param.value
                    self.get_logger().info(f'✓ Name updated to {self.robot_name}')

            elif param.name == 'enable_safety':
                self.enable_safety = param.value
                self.get_logger().warn(f'⚠ Safety {"ENABLED" if param.value else "DISABLED"}')

        return result

    def timer_callback(self):
        self.get_logger().info(f'[{self.robot_name}] Speed: {self.speed} m/s')

def main(args=None):
    rclpy.init(args=args)
    robot = SimpleRobot()
    rclpy.spin(robot)
    robot.destroy_node()
    rclpy.shutdown()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

🧪 Test Step 3 - Validation

Test 1: Try to set invalid speed (should fail)

# In terminal 1: Run the robot
ros2 run my_package simple_robot_step3

# In terminal 2: Try invalid speed
ros2 param set /simple_robot speed 10.0

Expected output:

[ERROR] [simple_robot]: Speed must be between 0.1 and 5.0, got 10.0
Set parameter failed

Test 2: Set valid speed (should succeed)

ros2 param set /simple_robot speed 2.5

Expected output:

[INFO] [simple_robot]: ✓ Speed updated to 2.5 m/s
Set parameter successful

📝 Step 4: Complete Robot with Runtime Reconfiguration

Finally, let's create a complete robot that responds to sensor data and runtime parameter changes.

📄 configurable_robot.py (Complete)

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node
from geometry_msgs.msg import Twist
from sensor_msgs.msg import LaserScan
from rcl_interfaces.msg import ParameterDescriptor

class ConfigurableRobot(Node):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('configurable_robot')

        # Declare parameters with descriptors
        self.declare_parameter(
            'max_speed',
            1.0,
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Maximum robot speed (m/s)')
        )

        self.declare_parameter(
            'safety_distance',
            0.5,
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Minimum safe distance from obstacles (m)')
        )

        self.declare_parameter(
            'detection_threshold',
            100,
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Object detection sensitivity')
        )

        self.declare_parameter(
            'enable_safety',
            True,
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Enable/disable safety features')
        )

        # Get initial parameter values
        self.max_speed = self.get_parameter('max_speed').value
        self.safety_distance = self.get_parameter('safety_distance').value
        self.detection_threshold = self.get_parameter('detection_threshold').value
        self.enable_safety = self.get_parameter('enable_safety').value

        # Create publishers and subscribers
        self.cmd_vel_pub = self.create_publisher(Twist, '/cmd_vel', 10)
        self.scan_sub = self.create_subscription(
            LaserScan,
            '/scan',
            self.scan_callback,
            10
        )

        # Add parameter callback for runtime changes
        self.add_on_set_parameters_callback(self.parameter_callback)

        self.get_logger().info(f'Robot initialized with speed: {self.max_speed} m/s')

    def parameter_callback(self, params):
        """Handle parameter changes at runtime"""
        for param in params:
            if param.name == 'max_speed':
                self.max_speed = param.value
                self.get_logger().info(f'Max speed updated to: {self.max_speed}')
            elif param.name == 'safety_distance':
                self.safety_distance = param.value
                self.get_logger().info(f'Safety distance updated to: {self.safety_distance}')
            elif param.name == 'detection_threshold':
                self.detection_threshold = param.value
                self.get_logger().info(f'Detection threshold updated to: {self.detection_threshold}')
            elif param.name == 'enable_safety':
                self.enable_safety = param.value
                self.get_logger().info(f'Safety features: {"enabled" if self.enable_safety else "disabled"}')

        from rcl_interfaces.msg import SetParametersResult
        return SetParametersResult(successful=True)

    def scan_callback(self, msg):
        """Process laser scan data with configurable behavior"""
        # Find minimum distance
        min_distance = min(msg.ranges)

        twist = Twist()

        if self.enable_safety and min_distance < self.safety_distance:
            # Stop if too close to obstacle
            twist.linear.x = 0.0
            self.get_logger().warn(f'Obstacle detected at {min_distance:.2f}m - STOPPING')
        else:
            # Move forward at configured speed
            twist.linear.x = self.max_speed

        self.cmd_vel_pub.publish(twist)

def main(args=None):
    rclpy.init(args=args)
    robot = ConfigurableRobot()
    rclpy.spin(robot)
    robot.destroy_node()
    rclpy.shutdown()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Setting Parameters via Command Line

🖥️ Terminal Commands

# Run node with custom parameters
ros2 run my_package configurable_robot --ros-args \
  -p max_speed:=2.5 \
  -p safety_distance:=0.8 \
  -p detection_threshold:=150

# View current parameters
ros2 param list /configurable_robot

# Get specific parameter value
ros2 param get /configurable_robot max_speed

# Set parameter at runtime
ros2 param set /configurable_robot max_speed 3.0

# Dump all parameters to file
ros2 param dump /configurable_robot --output-dir ./config

Using YAML Configuration Files

📄 robot_config.yaml

configurable_robot:
  ros__parameters:
    max_speed: 2.0
    safety_distance: 0.6
    detection_threshold: 120
    enable_safety: true
    robot_name: "Explorer-1"

🖥️ Loading Parameters from YAML

# Run with YAML configuration
ros2 run my_package configurable_robot --ros-args \
  --params-file ./config/robot_config.yaml

🎯 Practice Exercise

Create a node with the following parameters:

Robot name (string)
Maximum speed (double, 0.1 to 5.0 m/s)
Turn rate (double, in rad/s)
Enable autonomous mode (boolean)

Test changing parameters at runtime using ros2 param set

🚀 2. Python Launch Files for Complex Systems

Why Launch Files?

Launch files allow you to start multiple nodes with specific configurations in a single command. They're essential for complex robotic systems that require coordination between many components.

Benefits of Launch Files:

Start multiple nodes simultaneously
Set parameters for each node
Configure remappings and namespaces
Manage node dependencies and lifecycle
Create reusable system configurations

Benefits of Launch Files:

Start multiple nodes simultaneously
Set parameters for each node
Configure remappings and namespaces
Manage node dependencies and lifecycle
Create reusable system configurations

🎯 Learning Path: We'll build launch files progressively:

Step 1: Launch a single node
Step 2: Launch with parameters
Step 3: Launch multiple nodes
Step 4: Use YAML configuration files
Step 5: Add launch arguments for flexibility

📝 Step 1: Your First Launch File

Let's create the simplest possible launch file that starts one node.

📄 step1_single_node.launch.py

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch_ros.actions import Node

def generate_launch_description():
    return LaunchDescription([
        Node(
            package='my_package',
            executable='simple_robot_step1',
            name='my_robot'
        )
    ])

🧪 Test Step 1

# Run the launch file
ros2 launch my_package step1_single_node.launch.py

# Verify the node is running
ros2 node list

Expected output:

/my_robot

📝 Step 2: Launch with Parameters

Now let's add parameters to configure the node at startup.

📄 step2_with_parameters.launch.py

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch_ros.actions import Node

def generate_launch_description():
    return LaunchDescription([
        Node(
            package='my_package',
            executable='simple_robot_step2',
            name='explorer_bot',
            output='screen',  # Show output in terminal
            parameters=[{
                'speed': 2.0,
                'robot_name': 'Explorer-1',
                'enable_safety': True
            }]
        )
    ])

🧪 Test Step 2

ros2 launch my_package step2_with_parameters.launch.py

Expected output:

[INFO] [explorer_bot]: === Explorer-1 Configuration ===
[INFO] [explorer_bot]: Speed: 2.0 m/s
[INFO] [explorer_bot]: Safety: ENABLED

📝 Step 3: Launch Multiple Nodes

Let's launch multiple nodes that work together.

📄 step3_multi_node.launch.py

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch_ros.actions import Node

def generate_launch_description():
    # Define robot navigator node
    navigator = Node(
        package='my_package',
        executable='simple_robot_step3',
        name='navigator',
        output='screen',
        parameters=[{
            'speed': 1.5,
            'robot_name': 'Navigator',
            'enable_safety': True
        }]
    )

    # Define sensor processor node
    sensor = Node(
        package='my_package',
        executable='sensor_processor',
        name='sensor_handler',
        output='screen',
        parameters=[{
            'rate': 10.0,
            'threshold': 100
        }]
    )

    # Define controller node
    controller = Node(
        package='my_package',
        executable='controller',
        name='motion_controller',
        output='screen'
    )

    return LaunchDescription([
        navigator,
        sensor,
        controller
    ])

🧪 Test Step 3

# Launch all three nodes
ros2 launch my_package step3_multi_node.launch.py

# In another terminal, check all running nodes
ros2 node list

Expected output:

/navigator
/sensor_handler
/motion_controller

📝 Step 4: Using YAML Configuration Files

For complex configurations, it's better to use YAML files.

📄 config/robot_params.yaml

# Robot configuration file
navigator:
  ros__parameters:
    speed: 2.0
    robot_name: "Navigator-Pro"
    enable_safety: true

sensor_handler:
  ros__parameters:
    rate: 20.0
    threshold: 150
    filter_enabled: true

motion_controller:
  ros__parameters:
    kp_linear: 1.0
    kp_angular: 2.0
    max_acceleration: 0.5

📄 step4_with_yaml.launch.py

import os
from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory
from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch_ros.actions import Node

def generate_launch_description():
    # Get the path to our config file
    config_file = os.path.join(
        get_package_share_directory('my_package'),
        'config',
        'robot_params.yaml'
    )

    return LaunchDescription([
        Node(
            package='my_package',
            executable='simple_robot_step3',
            name='navigator',
            output='screen',
            parameters=[config_file]
        ),
        Node(
            package='my_package',
            executable='sensor_processor',
            name='sensor_handler',
            output='screen',
            parameters=[config_file]
        ),
        Node(
            package='my_package',
            executable='controller',
            name='motion_controller',
            output='screen',
            parameters=[config_file]
        )
    ])

🧪 Test Step 4

Important: First, install the config file in your package's setup.py:

# In setup.py, add to data_files:
(os.path.join('share', package_name, 'config'),
 glob('config/*.yaml')),

Then rebuild and launch:

cd ~/ros2_ws
colcon build --packages-select my_package
source install/setup.bash
ros2 launch my_package step4_with_yaml.launch.py

📝 Step 5: Launch Arguments for Flexibility

The most powerful feature: allow users to customize the launch without editing files.

📄 step5_with_arguments.launch.py

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch.actions import DeclareLaunchArgument
from launch.substitutions import LaunchConfiguration
from launch_ros.actions import Node

def generate_launch_description():
    # Declare launch arguments
    speed_arg = DeclareLaunchArgument(
        'speed',
        default_value='1.0',
        description='Robot maximum speed in m/s'
    )

    robot_name_arg = DeclareLaunchArgument(
        'robot_name',
        default_value='MyRobot',
        description='Name of the robot'
    )

    safety_arg = DeclareLaunchArgument(
        'enable_safety',
        default_value='true',
        description='Enable safety features'
    )

    # Use the launch arguments in node parameters
    robot_node = Node(
        package='my_package',
        executable='simple_robot_step3',
        name='configurable_robot',
        output='screen',
        parameters=[{
            'speed': LaunchConfiguration('speed'),
            'robot_name': LaunchConfiguration('robot_name'),
            'enable_safety': LaunchConfiguration('enable_safety')
        }]
    )

    return LaunchDescription([
        speed_arg,
        robot_name_arg,
        safety_arg,
        robot_node
    ])

🧪 Test Step 5

Test 1: Use default values

ros2 launch my_package step5_with_arguments.launch.py

Test 2: Override with custom values

ros2 launch my_package step5_with_arguments.launch.py \
  speed:=3.0 \
  robot_name:="SpeedRacer" \
  enable_safety:=false

Test 3: See available arguments

ros2 launch my_package step5_with_arguments.launch.py --show-args

Expected output:

Arguments (pass arguments as ':='):

    'speed':
        Robot maximum speed in m/s
        (default: '1.0')

    'robot_name':
        Name of the robot
        (default: 'MyRobot')

    'enable_safety':
        Enable safety features
        (default: 'true')

Basic Python Launch File Structure

📄 basic_launch.py

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch_ros.actions import Node

def generate_launch_description():
    return LaunchDescription([
        Node(
            package='my_package',
            executable='configurable_robot',
            name='robot_node',
            output='screen',
            parameters=[{
                'max_speed': 2.0,
                'safety_distance': 0.5
            }]
        )
    ])

Advanced Multi-Node Launch File

📄 robot_system_launch.py

import os
from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory
from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch.actions import DeclareLaunchArgument, IncludeLaunchDescription
from launch.launch_description_sources import PythonLaunchDescriptionSource
from launch.substitutions import LaunchConfiguration
from launch_ros.actions import Node

def generate_launch_description():
    # Get package directory
    pkg_dir = get_package_share_directory('my_package')

    # Declare launch arguments
    use_sim_time = DeclareLaunchArgument(
        'use_sim_time',
        default_value='false',
        description='Use simulation clock if true'
    )

    config_file = DeclareLaunchArgument(
        'config_file',
        default_value=os.path.join(pkg_dir, 'config', 'robot_config.yaml'),
        description='Path to configuration file'
    )

    # Load configuration file
    config_path = LaunchConfiguration('config_file')

    # Robot navigation node
    robot_node = Node(
        package='my_package',
        executable='configurable_robot',
        name='robot_navigator',
        output='screen',
        parameters=[config_path],
        remappings=[
            ('/cmd_vel', '/robot/cmd_vel'),
            ('/scan', '/robot/scan')
        ]
    )

    # Sensor processing node
    sensor_node = Node(
        package='my_package',
        executable='sensor_processor',
        name='sensor_handler',
        output='screen',
        parameters=[{
            'detection_threshold': 100,
            'update_rate': 10.0
        }]
    )

    # Planning node
    planner_node = Node(
        package='my_package',
        executable='path_planner',
        name='planner',
        output='screen',
        parameters=[{
            'algorithm': 'A*',
            'resolution': 0.05
        }]
    )

    # Controller node
    controller_node = Node(
        package='my_package',
        executable='motion_controller',
        name='controller',
        output='screen',
        parameters=[config_path]
    )

    return LaunchDescription([
        use_sim_time,
        config_file,
        robot_node,
        sensor_node,
        planner_node,
        controller_node
    ])

Launch File with Environment Configurations

📄 multi_environment_launch.py

import os
from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch.actions import DeclareLaunchArgument, OpaqueFunction
from launch.substitutions import LaunchConfiguration
from launch_ros.actions import Node
from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory

def launch_setup(context, *args, **kwargs):
    # Get environment type from launch argument
    environment = LaunchConfiguration('environment').perform(context)

    # Define configuration profiles for different environments
    configs = {
        'indoor': {
            'max_speed': 1.0,
            'safety_distance': 0.5,
            'detection_threshold': 150,
            'enable_safety': True
        },
        'outdoor': {
            'max_speed': 3.0,
            'safety_distance': 1.0,
            'detection_threshold': 100,
            'enable_safety': True
        },
        'warehouse': {
            'max_speed': 1.5,
            'safety_distance': 0.7,
            'detection_threshold': 120,
            'enable_safety': True
        },
        'racing': {
            'max_speed': 5.0,
            'safety_distance': 0.3,
            'detection_threshold': 80,
            'enable_safety': False
        }
    }

    # Get configuration for selected environment
    config = configs.get(environment, configs['indoor'])

    robot_node = Node(
        package='my_package',
        executable='configurable_robot',
        name=f'robot_{environment}',
        output='screen',
        parameters=[config]
    )

    return [robot_node]

def generate_launch_description():
    environment_arg = DeclareLaunchArgument(
        'environment',
        default_value='indoor',
        description='Environment type: indoor, outdoor, warehouse, or racing'
    )

    return LaunchDescription([
        environment_arg,
        OpaqueFunction(function=launch_setup)
    ])

Running Launch Files

🖥️ Launch Commands

# Basic launch
ros2 launch my_package robot_system_launch.py

# Launch with arguments
ros2 launch my_package multi_environment_launch.py environment:=outdoor

# Launch with custom config file
ros2 launch my_package robot_system_launch.py \
  config_file:=/path/to/custom_config.yaml

# List available launch files in a package
ros2 launch my_package --show-args

✅ Best Practice: Organize launch files by system complexity:

basic_launch.py - Simple single-node launches
system_launch.py - Complete system with multiple nodes
simulation_launch.py - Simulator + robot system
hardware_launch.py - Real robot deployment

External Lab 1

External Lab 3

External Lab 4

🔄 3. Dynamic Reconfiguration at Runtime

What is Dynamic Reconfiguration?

Dynamic reconfiguration allows you to change node parameters while the system is running, without restarting nodes. This is crucial for tuning robot behavior in real-time.

💡 Use Cases:

Tuning PID controller gains while robot is running
Adjusting sensor thresholds based on environment
Enabling/disabling features on-the-fly
Switching between operational modes

Implementing Parameter Callbacks

📄 dynamic_robot.py

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node
from rcl_interfaces.msg import SetParametersResult, Parameter

class DynamicRobot(Node):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('dynamic_robot')

        # Declare parameters with constraints
        self.declare_parameter('speed', 1.0)
        self.declare_parameter('mode', 'normal')
        self.declare_parameter('sensitivity', 50)

        # Add callback for parameter changes
        self.add_on_set_parameters_callback(self.on_parameter_change)

        # Create timer for periodic operations
        self.create_timer(1.0, self.timer_callback)

        self.get_logger().info('Dynamic Robot initialized')

    def on_parameter_change(self, params):
        """Validate and handle parameter changes"""
        result = SetParametersResult()
        result.successful = True

        for param in params:
            if param.name == 'speed':
                # Validate speed is within acceptable range
                if 0.0 <= param.value <= 5.0:
                    self.get_logger().info(f'Speed changed to: {param.value} m/s')
                else:
                    result.successful = False
                    result.reason = f'Speed must be between 0.0 and 5.0, got {param.value}'

            elif param.name == 'mode':
                # Validate mode is one of allowed values
                allowed_modes = ['normal', 'aggressive', 'cautious', 'eco']
                if param.value in allowed_modes:
                    self.get_logger().info(f'Mode changed to: {param.value}')
                    self.apply_mode_changes(param.value)
                else:
                    result.successful = False
                    result.reason = f'Mode must be one of {allowed_modes}'

            elif param.name == 'sensitivity':
                if 0 <= param.value <= 100:
                    self.get_logger().info(f'Sensitivity changed to: {param.value}%')
                else:
                    result.successful = False
                    result.reason = 'Sensitivity must be between 0 and 100'

        return result

    def apply_mode_changes(self, mode):
        """Apply preset parameters based on mode"""
        mode_presets = {
            'normal': {'speed': 1.0, 'sensitivity': 50},
            'aggressive': {'speed': 3.0, 'sensitivity': 30},
            'cautious': {'speed': 0.5, 'sensitivity': 80},
            'eco': {'speed': 0.8, 'sensitivity': 60}
        }

        if mode in mode_presets:
            preset = mode_presets[mode]
            self.set_parameters([
                Parameter('speed', Parameter.Type.DOUBLE, preset['speed']),
                Parameter('sensitivity', Parameter.Type.INTEGER, preset['sensitivity'])
            ])

    def timer_callback(self):
        # Get current parameter values
        speed = self.get_parameter('speed').value
        mode = self.get_parameter('mode').value
        sensitivity = self.get_parameter('sensitivity').value

        self.get_logger().info(
            f'Running in {mode} mode: speed={speed} m/s, sensitivity={sensitivity}%'
        )

Parameter Services

ROS2 provides services for parameter manipulation that can be called programmatically:

📄 parameter_client.py

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node
from rcl_interfaces.srv import SetParameters, GetParameters
from rcl_interfaces.msg import Parameter, ParameterValue, ParameterType

class ParameterClient(Node):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('parameter_client')

        # Create service clients
        self.set_param_client = self.create_client(
            SetParameters,
            '/dynamic_robot/set_parameters'
        )

        self.get_param_client = self.create_client(
            GetParameters,
            '/dynamic_robot/get_parameters'
        )

    async def set_robot_speed(self, speed):
        """Set robot speed parameter"""
        while not self.set_param_client.wait_for_service(timeout_sec=1.0):
            self.get_logger().info('Waiting for parameter service...')

        request = SetParameters.Request()
        param = Parameter()
        param.name = 'speed'
        param.value = ParameterValue(type=ParameterType.PARAMETER_DOUBLE, double_value=speed)
        request.parameters = [param]

        future = self.set_param_client.call_async(request)
        await future

        if future.result().results[0].successful:
            self.get_logger().info(f'Successfully set speed to {speed}')
        else:
            self.get_logger().error(f'Failed to set speed: {future.result().results[0].reason}')

    async def get_robot_parameters(self):
        """Get current robot parameters"""
        request = GetParameters.Request()
        request.names = ['speed', 'mode', 'sensitivity']

        future = self.get_param_client.call_async(request)
        await future

        for i, name in enumerate(request.names):
            value = future.result().values[i]
            self.get_logger().info(f'{name}: {value.double_value if value.type == 3 else value.string_value if value.type == 4 else value.integer_value}')

⚠️ Important: Always validate parameter values in callbacks to prevent invalid configurations that could damage the robot or cause unsafe behavior.

🎛️ 4. RQT Tools for Parameter Management

What is RQT?

RQT is a Qt-based framework for GUI development in ROS. It provides various plugins for visualization, debugging, and runtime parameter management.

What is RQT?

RQT is a Qt-based framework for GUI development in ROS. It provides various plugins for visualization, debugging, and runtime parameter management.

🎯 Hands-On Tutorial: Follow these steps to master RQT tools:

Step 1: Launch and explore rqt_reconfigure
Step 2: Visualize data with rqt_plot
Step 3: Monitor system with rqt_graph
Step 4: Debug with rqt_console
Step 5: Create a custom dashboard

📝 Step 1: Dynamic Reconfiguration with rqt_reconfigure

Scenario: You have a robot running and want to tune its speed in real-time without restarting.

🖥️ Step 1.1: Start your robot

# Terminal 1: Launch the robot
ros2 run my_package simple_robot_step3 --ros-args \
  -p speed:=1.0 \
  -p robot_name:="TestBot"

🖥️ Step 1.2: Open rqt_reconfigure

# Terminal 2: Launch rqt_reconfigure
ros2 run rqt_reconfigure rqt_reconfigure

What You'll See:

Left Panel: List of nodes with parameters (look for /simple_robot)
Right Panel: Interactive controls for each parameter:
- Speed: Slider (0.1 - 5.0)
- Robot Name: Text field
- Enable Safety: Checkbox

🎯 Try This:

Move the speed slider to 3.0
Watch the robot's terminal - you should see: [INFO] ✓ Speed updated to 3.0 m/s
Try setting speed to 10.0 (should fail validation)
You'll see an error: [ERROR] Speed must be between 0.1 and 5.0

📝 Step 2: Plotting Data with rqt_plot

Scenario: You want to visualize how your robot's speed changes over time.

First, let's create a simple node that publishes data to plot:

📄 data_publisher.py

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node
from std_msgs.msg import Float64
import math

class DataPublisher(Node):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('data_publisher')
        self.publisher = self.create_publisher(Float64, 'robot_speed', 10)
        self.timer = self.create_timer(0.1, self.timer_callback)
        self.counter = 0.0

    def timer_callback(self):
        msg = Float64()
        # Create a sine wave for demonstration
        msg.data = 2.0 + math.sin(self.counter)
        self.publisher.publish(msg)
        self.counter += 0.1

def main():
    rclpy.init()
    node = DataPublisher()
    rclpy.spin(node)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

🖥️ Step 2.1: Start publishing data

# Terminal 1: Run the data publisher
ros2 run my_package data_publisher

🖥️ Step 2.2: Launch rqt_plot

# Terminal 2: Launch plotter
ros2 run rqt_plot rqt_plot

How to Use rqt_plot:

In the topic field at the top, type: /robot_speed/data
Click the + button (or press Enter)
You should see a real-time sine wave graph!
Tip: Right-click the graph for options like auto-scroll and zoom

🎯 Experiment:

Add multiple topics to compare them
Pause the plot to examine specific values
Save the plot as an image

📝 Step 3: System Visualization with rqt_graph

🖥️ Step 3: Launch rqt_graph

# While your nodes are running, open:
ros2 run rqt_graph rqt_graph

Understanding the Graph:

Circles/Ovals: Represent nodes
Arrows: Show topic connections (publishers → subscribers)
Rectangles: Represent topics

🎯 Try Different Views:

Nodes only: Shows simplified node connections
Nodes/Topics (all): Shows complete system topology
Nodes/Topics (active): Shows only active connections

Debugging Tip: If your nodes aren't communicating, use this to verify:

Are both nodes visible?
Is there an arrow connecting them?
Are the topic names correct?

📝 Step 4: Debugging with rqt_console

🖥️ Step 4: Launch rqt_console

ros2 run rqt_console rqt_console

Using rqt_console Effectively:

Filter by Severity:

DEBUG: Detailed diagnostic information
INFO: Normal operational messages
WARN: Warning messages (not errors)
ERROR: Error conditions
FATAL: Critical failures

🎯 Practice Exercise:

Set severity filter to "WARN" or higher
In another terminal, try to set an invalid parameter:

ros2 param set /simple_robot speed 100.0
Watch the ERROR message appear in rqt_console
Click on the message to see full details

Search Feature:

Use the search box to filter messages by keyword
Example: Search for "speed" to see all speed-related logs

📝 Step 5: Create Your Custom Dashboard

🖥️ Step 5.1: Launch main RQT

rqt

Building Your Dashboard:

Step-by-Step:

Add Parameter Plugin:
- Plugins → Configuration → Dynamic Reconfigure
Add Console:
- Plugins → Logging → Console
Add Plot:
- Plugins → Visualization → Plot
Add Node Graph:
- Plugins → Introspection → Node Graph
Arrange Windows:
- Drag plugin tabs to split the screen
- Resize each panel as needed
Save Your Layout:
- Perspectives → Save Perspective → "my_robot_dashboard"

Load Saved Layout:

# Next time, load your saved perspective
rqt --perspective-file ~/.config/ros.org/rqt_gui.ini

✅ Complete RQT Workflow Example

Here's how professionals use RQT for robot development:

Launch your robot system
Open your custom RQT dashboard with all plugins
Monitor logs in rqt_console (bottom left)
Watch system topology in rqt_graph (bottom right)
Tune parameters with rqt_reconfigure (top right)
Visualize results in rqt_plot (top left)
Debug issues by correlating logs, parameters, and data

Key RQT Tools for Parameters

📊 rqt_reconfigure - Dynamic Parameter Tuning

The most important tool for runtime parameter adjustment with a user-friendly GUI.

🖥️ Launch rqt_reconfigure

ros2 run rqt_reconfigure rqt_reconfigure

Features:

Real-time parameter adjustment with sliders and input fields
Automatic detection of parameter types and constraints
Visual feedback of parameter changes
Save/load parameter configurations

📈 rqt_plot - Real-time Data Visualization

Plot parameter values and topic data in real-time.

🖥️ Launch rqt_plot

# Plot specific topics
ros2 run rqt_plot rqt_plot /robot/speed /robot/distance

# Monitor parameter changes over time
ros2 run rqt_plot rqt_plot /parameter_events

🔍 rqt_graph - Node and Topic Visualization

Visualize the ROS2 computation graph showing nodes, topics, and their connections.

🖥️ Launch rqt_graph

ros2 run rqt_graph rqt_graph

Useful for understanding system architecture and debugging communication issues.

🖥️ rqt_console - Log Message Viewer

View and filter log messages from all nodes in one place.

🖥️ Launch rqt_console

ros2 run rqt_console rqt_console

Features:

Filter messages by severity (DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, FATAL)
Search and filter by node name or message content
Highlight specific message patterns
Export logs to file

🎮 rqt_robot_steering - Manual Robot Control

GUI for manually controlling robot movement.

🖥️ Launch rqt_robot_steering

ros2 run rqt_robot_steering rqt_robot_steering

Provides sliders for linear and angular velocity control, publishing to /cmd_vel topic.

Complete RQT Interface

🖥️ Launch Full RQT with All Plugins

# Launch main rqt interface
rqt

# You can then add plugins from: Plugins menu
# - Configuration > Dynamic Reconfigure
# - Introspection > Node Graph
# - Logging > Console
# - Topics > Message Publisher
# - Visualization > Plot

✅ Pro Tip: Save your RQT perspective (window layout and plugins) for quick access:
Perspectives → Save Perspective → "my_robot_debug"

Creating Custom RQT Plugin (Advanced)

📄 my_rqt_plugin.py

from rqt_gui_py.plugin import Plugin
from python_qt_binding.QtWidgets import QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QPushButton, QLabel

class MyRobotControl(Plugin):
    def __init__(self, context):
        super(MyRobotControl, self).__init__(context)
        self.setObjectName('MyRobotControl')

        # Create main widget
        self._widget = QWidget()
        layout = QVBoxLayout()

        # Add status label
        self.status_label = QLabel('Robot Status: OK')
        layout.addWidget(self.status_label)

        # Add control buttons
        start_btn = QPushButton('Start Robot')
        start_btn.clicked.connect(self.start_robot)
        layout.addWidget(start_btn)

        stop_btn = QPushButton('Stop Robot')
        stop_btn.clicked.connect(self.stop_robot)
        layout.addWidget(stop_btn)

        self._widget.setLayout(layout)
        context.add_widget(self._widget)

    def start_robot(self):
        # Call parameter service to start robot
        self.status_label.setText('Robot Status: Running')

    def stop_robot(self):
        # Call parameter service to stop robot
        self.status_label.setText('Robot Status: Stopped')

🎯 Hands-on Project 6.1: Configurable Intelligent Robot System

Project Overview

Build a complete configurable robot system with multiple nodes, runtime parameter tuning, and environment-specific configurations.

🎯 Hands-on Project 6.1: Configurable Intelligent Robot System

Project Overview

Build a complete configurable robot system with multiple nodes, runtime parameter tuning, and environment-specific configurations.

📚 Complete Step-by-Step Guide

Follow this detailed walkthrough to complete the project successfully. Each step builds on the previous one.

🔨 Detailed Implementation Walkthrough

Phase 1: Project Setup (15 minutes)

Step 1.1: Create ROS2 Package

cd ~/ros2_ws/src
ros2 pkg create --build-type ament_python intelligent_robot \
  --dependencies rclpy geometry_msgs sensor_msgs std_msgs

cd intelligent_robot

Step 1.2: Create Directory Structure

mkdir -p config launch
touch intelligent_robot/robot_node.py
touch intelligent_robot/sensor_node.py
touch intelligent_robot/safety_node.py
touch intelligent_robot/telemetry_node.py

Step 1.3: Update setup.py

Edit setup.py and add:

import os
from glob import glob
from setuptools import setup

package_name = 'intelligent_robot'

setup(
    name=package_name,
    version='0.0.1',
    packages=[package_name],
    data_files=[
        ('share/ament_index/resource_index/packages',
            ['resource/' + package_name]),
        ('share/' + package_name, ['package.xml']),
        # Add launch files
        (os.path.join('share', package_name, 'launch'),
         glob('launch/*.py')),
        # Add config files
        (os.path.join('share', package_name, 'config'),
         glob('config/*.yaml')),
    ],
    install_requires=['setuptools'],
    zip_safe=True,
    maintainer='your_name',
    maintainer_email='your_email@example.com',
    description='Intelligent configurable robot system',
    license='Apache-2.0',
    tests_require=['pytest'],
    entry_points={
        'console_scripts': [
            'robot_node = intelligent_robot.robot_node:main',
            'sensor_node = intelligent_robot.sensor_node:main',
            'safety_node = intelligent_robot.safety_node:main',
            'telemetry_node = intelligent_robot.telemetry_node:main',
        ],
    },
)

Phase 2: Main Robot Node (30 minutes)

Step 2.1: Create robot_node.py

This is your main navigation node with full parameter support.

📄 intelligent_robot/robot_node.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node
from geometry_msgs.msg import Twist
from sensor_msgs.msg import LaserScan
from rcl_interfaces.msg import ParameterDescriptor, SetParametersResult

class RobotNode(Node):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('robot_navigator')

        # Declare all required parameters with descriptions
        self.declare_parameter('max_speed', 1.0,
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Maximum linear velocity (0.1-5.0 m/s)'))
        self.declare_parameter('safety_distance', 0.5,
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Minimum obstacle clearance (0.1-2.0 m)'))
        self.declare_parameter('detection_threshold', 100,
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Sensor detection sensitivity (0-255)'))
        self.declare_parameter('turn_rate', 1.0,
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Maximum angular velocity (0.1-3.0 rad/s)'))
        self.declare_parameter('enable_safety', True,
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Enable/disable safety features'))
        self.declare_parameter('robot_name', 'IntelligentRobot',
            ParameterDescriptor(description='Robot identifier'))

        # Get parameter values
        self.max_speed = self.get_parameter('max_speed').value
        self.safety_distance = self.get_parameter('safety_distance').value
        self.detection_threshold = self.get_parameter('detection_threshold').value
        self.turn_rate = self.get_parameter('turn_rate').value
        self.enable_safety = self.get_parameter('enable_safety').value
        self.robot_name = self.get_parameter('robot_name').value

        # Add parameter callback
        self.add_on_set_parameters_callback(self.parameter_callback)

        # Publishers and subscribers
        self.cmd_vel_pub = self.create_publisher(Twist, 'cmd_vel', 10)
        self.scan_sub = self.create_subscription(
            LaserScan, 'scan', self.scan_callback, 10)

        # Status timer
        self.create_timer(1.0, self.status_callback)

        self.get_logger().info(f'🤖 {self.robot_name} initialized!')
        self.get_logger().info(f'   Max Speed: {self.max_speed} m/s')
        self.get_logger().info(f'   Safety Distance: {self.safety_distance} m')
        self.get_logger().info(f'   Safety: {"ENABLED" if self.enable_safety else "DISABLED"}')

    def parameter_callback(self, params):
        """Validate and apply parameter changes"""
        result = SetParametersResult()
        result.successful = True

        for param in params:
            if param.name == 'max_speed':
                if 0.1 <= param.value <= 5.0:
                    self.max_speed = param.value
                    self.get_logger().info(f'✓ Max speed: {param.value} m/s')
                else:
                    result.successful = False
                    result.reason = f'Speed must be 0.1-5.0, got {param.value}'

            elif param.name == 'safety_distance':
                if 0.1 <= param.value <= 2.0:
                    self.safety_distance = param.value
                    self.get_logger().info(f'✓ Safety distance: {param.value} m')
                else:
                    result.successful = False
                    result.reason = f'Distance must be 0.1-2.0, got {param.value}'

            elif param.name == 'detection_threshold':
                if 0 <= param.value <= 255:
                    self.detection_threshold = param.value
                    self.get_logger().info(f'✓ Threshold: {param.value}')
                else:
                    result.successful = False
                    result.reason = f'Threshold must be 0-255, got {param.value}'

            elif param.name == 'turn_rate':
                if 0.1 <= param.value <= 3.0:
                    self.turn_rate = param.value
                    self.get_logger().info(f'✓ Turn rate: {param.value} rad/s')
                else:
                    result.successful = False
                    result.reason = f'Turn rate must be 0.1-3.0, got {param.value}'

            elif param.name == 'enable_safety':
                self.enable_safety = param.value
                status = "ENABLED" if param.value else "DISABLED"
                self.get_logger().warn(f'⚠ Safety {status}')

            elif param.name == 'robot_name':
                if len(param.value) > 0:
                    self.robot_name = param.value
                    self.get_logger().info(f'✓ Name: {param.value}')
                else:
                    result.successful = False
                    result.reason = 'Robot name cannot be empty'

        return result

    def scan_callback(self, msg):
        """Process laser scan and control robot"""
        # Find minimum distance
        valid_ranges = [r for r in msg.ranges if r > 0.0]
        if not valid_ranges:
            return

        min_distance = min(valid_ranges)

        twist = Twist()

        if self.enable_safety and min_distance < self.safety_distance:
            # Obstacle detected - stop
            twist.linear.x = 0.0
            twist.angular.z = self.turn_rate  # Turn to avoid
            self.get_logger().warn(f'⚠ Obstacle at {min_distance:.2f}m - Turning!')
        else:
            # Clear path - move forward
            twist.linear.x = self.max_speed
            twist.angular.z = 0.0

        self.cmd_vel_pub.publish(twist)

    def status_callback(self):
        """Periodic status report"""
        safety = "🛡️ SAFE" if self.enable_safety else "⚡ PERFORMANCE"
        self.get_logger().info(
            f'[{self.robot_name}] {safety} | Speed: {self.max_speed} m/s'
        )

def main(args=None):
    rclpy.init(args=args)
    node = RobotNode()
    try:
        rclpy.spin(node)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass
    finally:
        node.destroy_node()
        rclpy.shutdown()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Step 2.2: Test the Robot Node

cd ~/ros2_ws
colcon build --packages-select intelligent_robot
source install/setup.bash

# Test with default parameters
ros2 run intelligent_robot robot_node

# Test with custom parameters
ros2 run intelligent_robot robot_node --ros-args \
  -p max_speed:=2.0 \
  -p robot_name:="Explorer"

Phase 3: Configuration Files (20 minutes)

Step 3.1: Create Indoor Configuration

📄 config/indoor_config.yaml

robot_navigator:
  ros__parameters:
    max_speed: 1.0
    safety_distance: 0.5
    detection_threshold: 150
    turn_rate: 1.0
    enable_safety: true
    robot_name: "IndoorBot"

sensor_handler:
  ros__parameters:
    update_rate: 10.0
    filter_enabled: true

safety_monitor:
  ros__parameters:
    emergency_stop_distance: 0.3
    warning_distance: 0.7

telemetry_publisher:
  ros__parameters:
    publish_rate: 1.0
    include_diagnostics: true

Step 3.2: Create Other Environment Configs

Create similar files for each environment:

outdoor_config.yaml - Higher speeds, larger distances
warehouse_config.yaml - Medium settings, optimized for structured environment
competition_config.yaml - Maximum performance, minimal safety

Phase 4: Launch Files (25 minutes)

Step 4.1: Create Main Launch File

📄 launch/robot_system.launch.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os
from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory
from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch.actions import DeclareLaunchArgument
from launch.substitutions import LaunchConfiguration
from launch_ros.actions import Node

def generate_launch_description():
    # Get package directory
    pkg_dir = get_package_share_directory('intelligent_robot')

    # Declare launch argument for config file
    config_file_arg = DeclareLaunchArgument(
        'config_file',
        default_value=os.path.join(pkg_dir, 'config', 'indoor_config.yaml'),
        description='Path to robot configuration file'
    )

    config_file = LaunchConfiguration('config_file')

    # Define all nodes
    robot_node = Node(
        package='intelligent_robot',
        executable='robot_node',
        name='robot_navigator',
        output='screen',
        parameters=[config_file]
    )

    sensor_node = Node(
        package='intelligent_robot',
        executable='sensor_node',
        name='sensor_handler',
        output='screen',
        parameters=[config_file]
    )

    safety_node = Node(
        package='intelligent_robot',
        executable='safety_node',
        name='safety_monitor',
        output='screen',
        parameters=[config_file]
    )

    telemetry_node = Node(
        package='intelligent_robot',
        executable='telemetry_node',
        name='telemetry_publisher',
        output='screen',
        parameters=[config_file]
    )

    return LaunchDescription([
        config_file_arg,
        robot_node,
        sensor_node,
        safety_node,
        telemetry_node
    ])

Step 4.2: Test the Launch File

# Rebuild after adding launch file
cd ~/ros2_ws
colcon build --packages-select intelligent_robot
source install/setup.bash

# Launch with default config (indoor)
ros2 launch intelligent_robot robot_system.launch.py

# Launch with outdoor config
ros2 launch intelligent_robot robot_system.launch.py \
  config_file:=config/outdoor_config.yaml

Phase 5: Testing & Validation (20 minutes)

🧪 Complete Testing Checklist

Test 1: Basic Functionality

# Terminal 1: Launch system
ros2 launch intelligent_robot robot_system.launch.py

# Terminal 2: Verify all nodes are running
ros2 node list

# Expected output:
# /robot_navigator
# /sensor_handler
# /safety_monitor
# /telemetry_publisher

Test 2: Parameter Changes

# View current parameters
ros2 param list /robot_navigator

# Try valid parameter change
ros2 param set /robot_navigator max_speed 2.5

# Try invalid parameter change (should fail)
ros2 param set /robot_navigator max_speed 10.0

Test 3: RQT Integration

# Open RQT reconfigure
ros2 run rqt_reconfigure rqt_reconfigure

# Adjust parameters using GUI and verify changes

Test 4: Environment Switching

# Test each environment configuration
ros2 launch intelligent_robot robot_system.launch.py \
  config_file:=config/indoor_config.yaml

ros2 launch intelligent_robot robot_system.launch.py \
  config_file:=config/outdoor_config.yaml

ros2 launch intelligent_robot robot_system.launch.py \
  config_file:=config/warehouse_config.yaml

ros2 launch intelligent_robot robot_system.launch.py \
  config_file:=config/competition_config.yaml

Requirements

1. Parameterized Robot Node

Create a robot node with the following configurable parameters:

max_speed (double): Maximum linear velocity (0.1 - 5.0 m/s)
safety_distance (double): Minimum obstacle clearance (0.1 - 2.0 m)
detection_threshold (int): Sensor detection sensitivity (0 - 255)
turn_rate (double): Maximum angular velocity (0.1 - 3.0 rad/s)
enable_safety (bool): Enable/disable safety features
robot_name (string): Robot identifier

2. Multi-Node Launch System

Implement a launch file that starts:

Main robot navigation node
Sensor processing node
Safety monitor node
Telemetry publisher node

All nodes should load parameters from a centralized YAML configuration file.

3. Runtime Parameter Tuning

Implement parameter validation callbacks
Support dynamic reconfiguration without node restart
Log all parameter changes with timestamps
Provide parameter bounds checking

4. Configuration Profiles

Create configuration files for different environments:

Indoor: Low speed, high safety
Outdoor: Medium speed, moderate safety
Warehouse: Optimized for structured environment
Competition: Maximum performance

Implementation Steps

Step 1: Create Package Structure

cd ~/ros2_ws/src
ros2 pkg create --build-type ament_python intelligent_robot \
  --dependencies rclpy geometry_msgs sensor_msgs

cd intelligent_robot
mkdir -p config launch

Step 2: Implement Main Robot Node

Create intelligent_robot/robot_node.py with full parameter support and validation.

Include:

Parameter declarations with descriptors
Parameter callback with validation
Sensor data processing using parameters
Velocity command publishing

Step 3: Create Configuration Files

Create YAML files in config/ directory:

indoor_config.yaml
outdoor_config.yaml
warehouse_config.yaml
competition_config.yaml

Step 4: Develop Launch Files

Create in launch/ directory:

single_robot.launch.py - Basic single node
multi_node_system.launch.py - Full system
environment_launch.py - Environment-specific

Step 5: Test with RQT Tools

Use RQT tools to verify functionality:

Launch your robot system
Open rqt_reconfigure for parameter tuning
Use rqt_console to monitor logs
Visualize with rqt_graph
Plot data with rqt_plot

📋 Deliverables

✅ 1. Parameterized Robot Node

Complete Python node with all required parameters
Parameter validation and error handling
Runtime reconfiguration support
Comprehensive logging

✅ 2. Launch File System

Multi-node launch file
Environment-specific launch configurations
Parameter file loading
Launch arguments for flexibility

✅ 3. Configuration Documentation

README.md with project overview
Parameter descriptions and valid ranges
Launch file usage instructions
Environment configuration guide
Troubleshooting section

Testing Checklist

🧪 Verify Your Implementation

☐ All parameters can be set via command line
☐ Parameters load correctly from YAML files
☐ Runtime parameter changes work without restart
☐ Invalid parameters are rejected with clear errors
☐ All four environment configs produce different behaviors
☐ Launch files start all nodes successfully
☐ RQT tools can connect and modify parameters
☐ Documentation is clear and complete

Bonus Challenges 🌟

Parameter Presets: Implement a service to switch between predefined parameter sets
Auto-Tuning: Create a node that automatically adjusts parameters based on sensor feedback
Parameter History: Log and visualize parameter changes over time
Custom RQT Plugin: Build a custom GUI for your robot's parameters
Cloud Config: Load parameters from a remote server or database

📖 Additional Resources

Official Documentation:

Best Practices:

Always provide parameter descriptors with meaningful descriptions
Use YAML files for complex configurations
Implement parameter validation to prevent invalid states
Document parameter ranges and units clearly
Use namespaces to organize parameters logically
Test parameter changes thoroughly before deployment

🔧 Troubleshooting Common Issues

⚠️ Having problems? Follow these step-by-step solutions!

Problem 1: "Package not found"

Error: Package 'my_package' not found

Solution:

# Step 1: Build the package
cd ~/ros2_ws
colcon build --packages-select my_package

# Step 2: Source the workspace
source install/setup.bash

# Step 3: Verify
ros2 pkg list | grep my_package

Problem 2: YAML Parameters Not Loading

Common Mistake: Wrong YAML format

# ✅ CORRECT (note double underscore):
node_name:
  ros__parameters:
    param1: value1

# ❌ WRONG:
node_name:
  ros_parameters:  # Missing underscore!
    param1: value1

Also check setup.py:

# Ensure config files are installed:
data_files=[
    (os.path.join('share', package_name, 'config'),
     glob('config/*.yaml')),
]

# Then rebuild:
cd ~/ros2_ws && colcon build

Problem 3: Parameters Won't Change at Runtime

Checklist - All 4 items required:

✓ Declare: self.declare_parameter('speed', 1.0)
✓ Add callback: self.add_on_set_parameters_callback(self.parameter_callback)
✓ Update in callback: self.speed = param.value
✓ Use member var: twist.linear.x = self.speed

✅ Quick Debug Commands

# Check if ROS2 is sourced
echo $ROS_DISTRO

# List running nodes
ros2 node list

# List parameters
ros2 param list /node_name

# Visualize system
ros2 run rqt_graph rqt_graph

🎓 Summary

In this week, you learned:

✅ How to create fully parameterized ROS2 nodes
✅ Parameter types, declaration, and validation
✅ Building complex launch files with Python
✅ Multi-node orchestration and coordination
✅ Dynamic reconfiguration at runtime
✅ Using RQT tools for parameter management
✅ Creating environment-specific configurations

Next Week: We'll explore advanced topics including TF transformations, URDF robot descriptions, and robot state publishers!